In which condition is cortisol typically decreased?

In which condition is cortisol typically decreased?

• A. Cushing's syndrome
• B. Addison's disease
• C. Hyperthyroidism
• D. Hypothyroidism

Answer: (B)

Cortisol is typically decreased in Addison's disease, which is a form of adrenal insufficiency resulting from damage to the adrenal glands. This condition is characterized by insufficient production of cortisol and sometimes aldosterone. Patients with Addison's disease may experience symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin, reflecting the hormonal imbalances within the body.

In contrast, Cushing's syndrome is marked by elevated cortisol levels, often due to an excess of ACTH or cortisol-producing tumors. Hyperthyroidism involves increased metabolic activity and may influence various hormone levels but does not typically lead to decreased cortisol levels. Hypothyroidism is associated with lower levels of thyroid hormones but again, does not directly cause a reduction in cortisol production. Therefore, Addison's disease is the condition where lower cortisol level is a direct result of adrenal gland dysfunction.